Hydroxy Compounds

Hydroxy compounds basically have the functional group -OH. The syllabus currently requires us to know the reactions for alcohol and phenol compounds. Alcohol is able to undergo oxidation while phenol is not able to due to strong bonds between -OH and benzene. Do note that the use of a strong or weak oxidising reagent will result in a different compound being formed from alcohol.

Phenol is able to undergo electrophilic substitution (Different from electrophilic addition in alkenes). As the name suggests, electrophilic substitution involves substitution. In phenol's case, a H atom is substituted to give a -OH functional group.

A summary of reactions that an alcohol and phenol undergoes:
As usual, please do not republish the image under your name, give credits.

Alkenes

The first topic i will be doing about is on Chemistry for H2 students. The current subject is being taught at JC levels but it may still help for secondary school students who are studying on Organic Compounds.

Alkenes are unsaturated organic compounds containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond (denoted: C=C). Alkenes have a general formula of CnH2n. Alkenes undergo electrophilic addition as well as oxidation reactions. The term electrophilic addition indicates the addition of an electrophile (a molecule which is attracted to electrons). C=C bonds contain one pi (π) and one sigma (σ) bond. The C in alkenes undergo sp2 hybridisation. Alkenes may also display cis-trans isomerism.

A summary of reactions undergone by alkenes: (click on image to enlarge, you can save it and print for yourself)
Choose the ideal one for viewing. I just happened to find that inverting the colours using paint produces interesting results. =)
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Welcome

Welcome to Learnsg.blogspot.com. This blog is created in order to facilitate learning of all sorts. Hopefully to benefit local students here in Singapore. As an ex-student, i understand the hassle of flipping through textbooks or even lecture notes in order to find a particular information that slipped my mind. Hence, with this blog, i hope to colate mindmaps of various topics and subjects for convenience of anyone. The boundaries of the variety of subject is not confined to examinable subjects, i hope to be able to add information concerning other subjects as well. This may include foreign languages or other tips that is worth knowing. These posts will be categorised into topics on the sidebar for easier reference.