Halogenoalkanes (alkyl halides)

Halogenoalkanes, otherwise known as alkyl halides, consists of one or more halide atoms bonded to a carbon. This is represented by R-X in the mindmap, where R is a carbon atom while X is a halide atom. Alkyl halides undergo 2 types of reactions, mainly Elimination and Nucleophilic Substitution. In Nucleophilic substitution( N.S), the halide atom is substituted by a nucleophile. Nucleophiles are molecules/ions with at least a bond pair. Common nucleophiles include cyanide ions, hydroxide ions and ammonia.

Summary of Alkyl Halide reactions: